Trihalomethane (THM) formation potential is typically measured in a laboratory by dosing samples with chlorine under controlled conditions (pH, temperature, incubation time and residual-free chlorine) and then analyzing the resulting trihalomethanes produced by purge and trap/gas chromatography.
This is a time consuming, technically complex method which doesn’t enable real time control.
The alternative approach is to utilise online UV-Vis spectroscopy to characterise natural organic material (NOM) on the incoming raw water in real time.
With this approach you can develop UV-Vis parameters for all the NOM fractions and have a real time understanding of coagulable and non-coaguable dissolved organic carbon (DOC).
By understanding the spectral changes following chlorine addition to raw water on the THM formation, an estimated THMFP parameter on raw water can be generated. Such an approach is used online at a number of water treatment plants for full online control strategies.

Feed forward and feedback coagulation control systems for optimising coagulant dosing and estimating raw water THM formation potential.
In 2010, PMA introduced the patented Compass coagulation control system from Lutra to the UK water industry. In the first installations, an online THM formation potential parameter was developed.
Compass EOR (enhanced organics removal) is a coagulation control system which characterises NOM and automatically ensures the right amount of coagulant is being dosed to remove the organics in the raw water entering a water treatment works.
Achieving reliable automatic coagulation control is something many water companies struggle to maintain in highly variable (flashy) catchment areas. These areas can be at one time or another; typically low in particulates with a moderate to high natural organic matter (NOM) content or vice versa.
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